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Evokation
 
 
Index
 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9
-
1
4
3
8
5
9
5
8
9

 

 

1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
45
-
-
-
34
-
36
Add
458
197
44
4+5
-
-
-
3+4
-
3+6
Reduce
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
9
-
-
-
7
4
9
Deduce
17
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Produce
1+7
1+7
-
9
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence
8
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
45
-
-
-
34
-
36
Add
458
197
44
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
3+4
-
3+6
Reduce
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
7
4
9
Deduce
17
17
8
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Produce
1+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence
8
8
8
-
1
4
3
8
5
9
5
8
9

 

 

0
-
4
ZERO
8
5
9
6
-
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
1
-
3
ONE
6
5
5
-
-
=
16
1+6
=
7
-
7
2
-
3
TWO
2
5
6
-
-
=
13
1+3
=
4
-
4
3
-
5
THREE
2
8
9
5
5
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
4
-
4
FOUR
6
6
3
9
-
=
24
2+4
=
6
-
6
5
-
4
FIVE
6
9
4
5
-
=
24
2+4
=
6
-
6
6
-
3
SIX
1
9
6
-
-
=
16
1+6
=
7
-
7
7
-
5
SEVEN
1
5
4
5
5
=
20
2+0
=
2
-
2
8
-
5
EIGHT
5
9
7
8
2
=
31
3+1
=
4
-
4
9
-
4
NINE
5
9
5
5
-
=
24
2+4
=
6
-
6
45
-
40
Add
42
70
58
43
12
-
225
-
-
63
-
45
4+5
-
4+0
-
4+2
7+0
5+8
4+3
1+2
-
2+2+5
-
-
6+3
-
4+5
9
-
4
Reduce
6
7
13
7
3
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
4
Deduce
6
7
4
7
3
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
5
SOLAR
65
29
2
6
SYSTEM
101
38
2
14
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
199
82
10
1+4
-
1+9+9
8+2
1+0
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
19
10
1
-
-
1+9
1+0
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
10
1
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1
1
1

 

 

3
SUN
54
9
9
7
MERCURY
103
40
4
5
VENUS
81
18
9
5
EARTH
52
25
7
4
MOON
57
21
3
4
MARS
51
15
6
7
JUPITER
99
36
9
6
SATURN
93
21
3
6
URANUS
94
22
4
7
NEPTUNE
95
32
5
5
PLUTO
84
21
3
59
First Total
863
260
62
5+9
Add to Reduce
8+6+3
2+6
6+2
14
Second Total
17
8
8
1+4
Reduce to Deduce
1+7
-
-
5
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

3
SUN
54
9
9
5
EARTH
52
25
7
4
MOON
57
21
3
12
First Total
163
55
19
1+2
Add to Reduce
1+6+3
5+5
6+2
3
Second Total
10
10
10
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
3
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

 

4
GODS
45
18
9
6
SPIRIT
91
37
1
4
ISIS
89
35
8
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
6
VISHNU
93
30
3
5
SHIVA
59
59
4
7
KRISHNA
80
35
3
7
SHRISTI
102
39
3
5
RISHI
63
36
9
4
ISHI
45
27
9
6
CHRIST
77
32
5

 

 

GODS SPIRIT GODS

ISIS OSIRIS VISHNU SHIVA SHRI KRISHNA SHRISTI RISHI ISHI CHRIST

SING A SONG OF NINES OF NINES A SONG SING

 

 

THE

HALLELUJA CHORUS CHORUS HALLELUJAH

HALLELUJA SEE HORUS HORUS SEE HALLELUJAH

HALLELUJA HOURS OF HORUS HORUS OF HOURS HALLELUJAH

 

 

S
=
1
-
12
SCHRODINGERS
139
67
4
C
=
3
-
3
CAT
24
6
6
D
=
4
-
3
DID
17
17
8
C
=
3
-
10
CURIOUSITY
160
52
7
K
=
2
-
4
KILL
44
17
6
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
C
=
3
-
3
CAT
24
6
6
-
-
18
4
38
First Total
441
180
19
-
-
1+8
-
3+8
Add to Reduce
4+4+1
1+8+0
6+2
-
-
9
-
11
Second Total
9
10
10
4
4
-
4
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+0
1+0
Q
-
9
5
2
Essence of Number
9
7
7

 

 

ADVENT 924 ADVENT

 

DGEPNUTEEFONECH, DG, E, P, N, UT, E, E, FO, N, E, CH
PENTATEUCH
PENTATEUCH
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
EXODUS
EXODUS
THE, MAGIC, OF, IT, ALL
THE, MAGICAL, EXPERIENCE
HOLY, THE, MAGIC
DECALCOMANIA, PHANTASMAGORIA,
PHANTASMAGORIAS, SIMULCRA, TRANSMOGRIFY,
TRANSMOGRIFIES
THE, CHURCHING, OF, WOMEN
THE, MAN, THAT, NEVER, WAS
BY THEIR DEEDS YE SHALL KNOW THEM
BY THEIR DEEDS YE SHALL KNOW THEM
NETER ENTER, NETERS ENTERS
NETHER, WORLD
NETHERWORLD, I, NEITHERWORLD
NETERS
ENTERS NETERS
ENTERS
SPREAD, EAGLED, ACROSS, THE, CROSS
LIES, DECEIT, FALSE, FALSEHOOD,
DEVIOUS, CRUEL, CRUELTY, CORRUPT, CORRUPTS,
CORRUPTED, CORRUPTION, CORRUPTING
CRIME, CRIMINALITY
TORTURE, WATER-BOARDING, WATER, BOARDING
SUICIDE, BOMBER, ASSASINATING, ASSASINATION,
ASSASINATE, ASSASINATED
AETHER, EITHER, ETHER, AKASHA
BECOMING
IRANSCANDENTAL, IMMANENT
NOR, OR
EITHER, , I, THERE, EITHER
NEITHER, EITHER
HOW, ARE, THE, MIGHTY, FALLEN
DIVIDED
THE I ME A KINGDOM DIVIDED
THE RIGHT WAY
THUS, HAVE, I, HEARD
THE ORIGIN OF SUFFERING
ORIGIN, OF, SUFFERING
THE, ORIGIN, OF, SUFFERING
THE, LAW, OF, CLOSURE
SENSE, PERCEIVE, PERCEPTION, PERCEPTIONS,
SENSES, FIVE
TULPA
TULKU
I, THAT, AM, ALONE, ALONE, AM, I

 

 

P
=
7
-
9
PENTATEUCH
113
41
5

 

 

-
PENTATEUCH
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
1
E
5
5
5
1
N
14
5
5
3
T+A+T
41
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
3
U+C+H
32
5
5
9
PENTATEUCH
113
41
5
-
-
1+1+3
4+1
-
9
PENTATEUCH
5
5
5

 

 

-
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
5
-
2
1
2
5
3
3
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
16
5
-
20
1
20
5
21
3
-
+
=
93
9+3
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
5
14
20
1
20
5
21
3
8
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
7
5
5
2
1
2
5
3
3
8
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
26
-``
-
9
-
41
-
32
1+9
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
2+6
-
-
-
-
4+1
-
3+2
10
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
8
-``
-
9
-
5
-
5
1+0
-
7
5
5
2
1
2
5
3
3
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
8
-``
-
9
-
5
-
5

 

 

9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
5
-
2
1
2
5
3
3
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
16
5
-
20
1
20
5
21
3
-
+
=
93
9+3
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
5
14
20
1
20
5
21
3
8
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
7
5
5
2
1
2
5
3
3
8
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
26
-``
-
9
-
41
-
32
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
2+6
-
-
-
-
4+1
-
3+2
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
8
-``
-
9
-
5
-
5
-
7
5
5
2
1
2
5
3
3
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
E
N
T
A
T
E
U
C
H
-
-
8
-``
-
9
-
5
-
5

 

 

-
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
6
5
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
15
14
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
5
-
2
1
7
-
-
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
-
4
-
4
-
-
16
5
-
20
1
7
-
-
+
=
49
4+9
=
13
1+3
4
-
4
-
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
5
14
20
1
7
15
14
+
=
92
9+2
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
-
7
5
5
2
1
7
6
5
+
=
38
3+8
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
6
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
21
-
-
8
-
38
-
20
2+4
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
3+8
-
2+0
6
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
3
-
-
8
-
11
-
2
-
-
7
5
5
2
1
7
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
-
6
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
3
-
-
8
-
2
-
2

 

 

-
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
6
5
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
15
14
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
5
-
2
1
7
-
-
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
-
4
-
4
-
-
16
5
-
20
1
7
-
-
+
=
49
4+9
=
13
1+3
4
-
4
-
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
5
14
20
1
7
15
14
+
=
92
9+2
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
-
7
5
5
2
1
7
6
5
+
=
38
3+8
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
6
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
24
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
21
-
-
8
-
38
-
20
2+4
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
3+8
-
2+0
6
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
3
-
-
8
-
11
-
2
-
-
7
5
5
2
1
7
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
-
6
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
O
N
-
-
3
-
-
8
-
2
-
2

 

 

PENTAGRAM 5 PENTAGRAM

 

 

-
PENTAGRAM
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
1
E
5
5
5
1
N
14
5
5
1
T
20
2
2
1
A
1
1
1
1
G
7
7
7
1
R
18
9
9
1
A
1
1
1
1
M
13
4
4
9
PENTAGRAM
95
41
41
-
-
9+5
4+1
4+1
9
PENTAGRAM
14
5
5
-
-
1+4
-
-
9
PENTAGRAM
5
5
5

 

 

-
PENTAGRAM
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
1
E
5
5
5
1
N
14
5
5
4
T+A+G+R
46
19
1
2
A+M
14
5
5
9
PENTAGRAM
95
41
23
-
-
9+5
4+1
2+3
9
PENTAGRAM
14
5
5
-
-
1+4
-
-
9
PENTAGRAM
5
5
5

 

 

-
PENTAGRAM
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
1
E
5
5
5
1
N
14
5
5
3
T+A+G
28
10
1
1
R
18
9
9
2
A+M
14
5
5
9
PENTAGRAM
95
41
32
-
-
9+5
4+1
2+2
9
PENTAGRAM
14
5
5
-
-
1+4
-
-
9
PENTAGRAM
5
5
5

 

 

Daily Mail. Tuesday. March 31, 2015

Page 68

The point of pentangles

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS

QUESTION
Which culture first used the pentangle and how did it become associated with the occult?

THE pentangle is usually represented as the pentagram, a five-pointed, linear star within a circle, worn or drawn with the point facing up.

It served to mark directions in Sumerian texts, dating from about 30BC, and is found in most early cultures. The ancient Greeks established its symbolic status.

Greek mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras believed five was the number of perfection, because of the fivefold division of the body (head, arms and legs outstretched) mirroring the division of the soul into fire, water, air, earth and psyche. The Pythagoreans held the pentacle sacred to Hygeia, the goddess of healing.

Early Christians wore the pentagram to represent the five wounds of Christ and to symbolise the five senses.

In the 14th-century English poem Sir Gawain And The Green Knight, the symbol decorates the shield of the hero, Gawain. The anonymous poet credits the symbol's origin to King Solomon, and explains that each of the five interconnected points represents a virtue tied to a group of five: Gawain is keen in his five senses, dextrous in his five fingers, faithful to the salvation provided through the Five Wounds of Christ, takes courage from the five joys that Mary had of Jesus and exemplifies the five virtues of knighthood.

Renaissance-era ritual magicians, Henry Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (14861535) and Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), used the pentagram to represent the perfection of the human body. To Bruno, five was the `number of the soul' because the human form is bound by five outer points. He warned magicians and sorcerers could perform spells by using the pentagram as it was a window to the soul.

As Bruno and other Renaissance philosophers and magicians were executed under the Inquisition, perhaps the symbol came to be associated with evil forces.

By the mid-19th century, a further distinction had developed among occultists regarding the pentagram's orientation. With a single point upwards it depicted a spirit presiding over the four elements of matter and was essentially 'good'.

Occultists and satanists now claimed that the inverted pentagram was evil, the sign of the Devil even. Influential French occultist Eliphas Levi (1810-75) stated: 'A reversed pentagram, with two points projecting upwards, is a symbol of evil and attracts sinister forces because it overturns the proper order of things and demonstrates the triumph of matter over spirit. 'It is the goat of lust attacking the heavens with its horns, a sign execrated by initiates.'

Symbolic: Anton LaVey, of the Church of Satan, with an inverted pentangle (image omitted)

Brian Cummings, Hay-on-Wye, Powys.

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Tuesday, April 10 2007

Page 42

Jonathan writes: Why am I travelling to Tibet to investigate a prophecy from Mexico? It has something to do with ancient cultures, complicated cosmologies and poignant predictions. On my way, I passed through Delhi, where there is a temple dedicated to Saturn. Word has not yet reached them there about the newly-discovered hexagonat Saturn's north pole. I have, however, been dwelling on this. The Star of David is hexagonal. Could Saturn have a message about the future of Israel?

 

 

FIVE POINTED STAR

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A five-pointed star

A five-pointed star (☆) is a common ideogram used throughout the world. If the colinear edges are joined together a pentagram is produced.

The five-pointed star, geometrically a regular concave decagon, used in flags originates from European or Western heraldry, and the golden five-pointed star has associations with military power and war. It has also become a symbol of fame or "stardom" in Western culture.

 


A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha or pentangle or a star pentagon) is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes.

 

-
PENTAGRAM
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
1
E
5
5
5
1
N
14
5
5
1
T
20
2
2
1
A
1
1
1
1
G
7
7
7
1
R
18
9
9
1
A
1
1
1
1
M
13
4
4
9
PENTAGRAM
95
41
41
-
-
9+5
4+1
4+1
9
PENTAGRAM
14
5
5
-
-
1+4
-
-
9
PENTAGRAM
5
5
5

 

 

-
8
P
E
N
T
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Daily Mail. Tuesday. March 31, 2015

The point of pentangles

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS

Compiled by Charles Legge

Page 68

QUESTION
Which culture first used the pentangle and how did it become associated with the occult?

THE pentangle is usually represented as the pentagram, a five-pointed, linear star within a circle, worn or drawn with the point facing up.

It served to mark directions in Sumerian texts, dating from about 30BC, and is found in most early cultures. The ancient Greeks established its symbolic status.

Greek mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras believed five was the number of perfection, because of the fivefold division of the body (head, arms and legs outstretched) mirroring the division of the soul into fire, water, air, earth and psyche. The Pythagoreans held the pentacle sacred to Hygeia, the goddess of healing.

Early Christians wore the pentagram to represent the five wounds of Christ and to symbolise the five senses.

In the 14th-century English poem Sir Gawain And The Green Knight, the symbol decorates the shield of the hero, Gawain. The anonymous poet credits the symbol's origin to King Solomon, and explains that each of the five interconnected points represents a virtue tied to a group of five: Gawain is keen in his five senses, dextrous in his five fingers, faithful to the salvation provided through the Five Wounds of Christ, takes courage from the five joys that Mary had of Jesus and exemplifies the five virtues of knighthood.

Renaissance-era ritual magicians, Henry Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (14861535) and Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), used the pentagram to represent the perfection of the human body. To Bruno, five was the `number of the soul' because the human form is bound by five outer points. He warned magicians and sorcerers could perform spells by using the pentagram as it was a window to the soul.

As Bruno and other Renaissance philosophers and magicians were executed under the Inquisition, perhaps the symbol came to be associated with evil forces.

By the mid-19th century, a further distinction had developed among occultists regarding the pentagram's orientation. With a single point upwards it depicted a spirit presiding over the four elements of matter and was essentially 'good'.

Occultists and satanists now claimed that the inverted pentagram was evil, the sign of the Devil even. Influential French occultist Eliphas Levi (1810-75) stated: 'A reversed pentagram, with two points projecting upwards, is a symbol of evil and attracts sinister forces because it overturns the proper order of things and demonstrates the triumph of matter over spirit. 'It is the goat of lust attacking the heavens with its horns, a sign execrated by initiates.'

Symbolic: Anton LaVey, of the Church of Satan, with an inverted pentangle (image omitted)

Brian Cummings, Hay-on-Wye, Powys.

 

 

3
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33
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42
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9
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The five-pointed star, geometrically a regular concave decagon

 

FIVE POINTED STAR

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A five-pointed star

A five-pointed star (☆) is a common ideogram used throughout the world. If the colinear edges are joined together a pentagram is produced.

The five-pointed star, geometrically a regular concave decagon, used in flags originates from European or Western heraldry, and the golden five-pointed star has associations with military power and war. It has also become a symbol of fame or "stardom" in Western culture.


A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha or pentangle or a star pentagon) is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes.

Pentagram

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha or pentangle or a star pentagon) is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes.
The word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon),[1] from πέντε (pente), "five" + γραμμή (grammē), "line".[2] The word "pentacle" is sometimes used synonymously with "pentagram"[3] The word pentalpha is a learned modern (17th-century) revival of a post-classical Greek name of the shape.[4]

Geometry
The pentagram is the simplest regular star polygon. The pentagram contains ten points (the five points of the star, and the five vertices of the inner pentagon) and fifteen line segments. It is represented by the Schläfli symbol {5/2}. Like a regular pentagon, and a regular pentagon with a pentagram constructed inside it, the regular pentagram has as its symmetry group the dihedral group of order 10.
Construction[edit]

The pentagram can be constructed by connecting alternate vertices of a pentagon; see details of the construction. It can also be constructed as a stellation of a pentagon, by extending the edges of a pentagon until the lines intersect.

Golden ratio[edit]

 

 

what are the meanings behind a five point star? Can it be good ...
https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid...

27 Sep 2007 - Best Answer: The five-pointed star, or pentagram is one of the most potent, powerful, and persistent symbols in human history. It has been ...
Best Answer: The five-pointed star, or pentagram is one of the most potent, powerful, and persistent symbols in human history. It has been important to almost every ancient culture, from the Mayans of Latin America, to India, China, Greece, and Egypt. It has been found scratched on the walls of Neolithic caves, and in Babylonian drawings, where it marks the pattern the planet Venus makes on its travels- a secret symbol of the Goddess Ishtar. Scriptures, especially Hebrew, are abundant with references to pentagrams.

The earliest pentagrams were rough diagrams found scratched into stone age caves. While they are believed to have some spiritual significance, the meaning of the star-shape to early humans is a mystery. In the civilizations that followed, it held various meanings, usually astronomical and religious. Pentagrams served to mark directions in Sumerian texts, and represented the five visible planets. Later, it was the sign of the planet Venus and the goddess .

According to the Greek mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras, five was the number of man, because of the fivefold division of the body, and the ancient Greek division of the soul. According to Pythagoras, the five points of the pentagram each represent one of the five elements that make up man: fire, water, air, earth, and psyche. (energy, fluid, breath, matter, and mind; liquid, gas, solid, plasma and aethyr) The Pythagoreans held the pentacle sacred to Hygeia, the Goddess of healing, whose name (HGIEiA) was an anagram in Greek for the elements water, earth, spirit, fire, and air.

This particular symbolism has persisted for centuries, and has greatly influenced theologies of diverse traditions. Early Christians wore it as an emblem, possibly to represent the wounds of Christ, or possibly due to connections between early Christians and the Pythagorean mysteries.* Later, the pentacle was important to many doctrines of esoteric Medieval and Renaissance belief systems- alchemy, kabbalah, and Ceremonial magick.

In the Jewish kabbalistic tradition, which borrows many Pythagorean ideas, the pentagram represents the five upper sephiroth on the Tree of Life- five numbers, being indivisible by any but themselves, which represent pure archetypal forces: justice, mercy, wisdom, understanding, and transcendent splendor.

Christian Kabbalists of the renaissance were especially enamored of the pentagram, which they viewed as a mystical proof of the divinity of Christ - to them, it symbolized Christ as the Holy Spirit manifest in the flesh. (There is a secret biblical connection, as well, in the name of the Christian holiday of Pentecost- the day the Holy Spirit descended on the apostles of Jesus is one of many geometrical 'proofs' in the New Testament disguised as stories). There are many connections between the pentagram and Christianity. Before the cross, it was a preferred emblem to adorn the jewelry and amulets of early Christians (followed by an 'x' or a phoenix). The pentagram was associated with the five wounds of Christ, and because it could be drawn in one continuous movement of the pen, the Alpha and the Omega as one. It was also an expression of a secret Gnostic heresy, found hidden here and there throughout Christian history- a symbol of Isis/Venus as the secret goddess, the female principle. The most notable instance of this symbolism is in the Arthurian Grail romances, which are Gnostic and kabbalistic teachings disguised as tales of knightly quests.

Currently, the most common religious uses of the pentagram are by Wiccan and Neopagan groups. In most Wiccan and Neopagan traditions, its symbolic meaning is derived from Ceremonial magick and nineteenth century occultism- the four elements ruled by the spirit- although as these theologies mature, they have added to its meaning. In many of these traditions, it can also symbolize the unity of mankind with the earth or with the realm of the spirit, the human body, and more.

A "point down" pentacle is nothing new- nor is it necessarily Satanic when it appears as such. Historical depictions of the pentagram were as likely to be points down as point up- a distinction between one or the other was rarely made by the ancients. Even today, one must not assume a point down pentagram is Satanic, as it is just likely to be Masonic, or Wiccan. In Wicca, pointed down is simply a symbol of the Wiccan horned God, and is still today an emblem of the Second Degree initiation in Gardnerian Wicca.

Source(s):
http://altreligion.about.com/library/...

 

Pentagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagram

1 Classification; 2 Early history ... The simple five-pointed star is not a pentagram. .... Other sources point to its origin in Chinese five-element philosophy (see ...

Pentagram

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Pentagram (disambiguation).

Regular pentagram

A pentagram

Type

Star polygon

Edges and vertices 5

Schläfli symbol{5/2}

Coxeter–Dynkin diagram

 

Symmetry group

D5 (Order 10)

Internal angle (degrees)36° (108°)

A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha or pentangle or a star pentagon) is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes. The word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon),[1] a noun form of πεντάγραμμος (pentagrammos) or πεντέγραμμος (pentegrammos), a word meaning roughly "five-lined" or "five lines", from πέντε (pente), "five"[2] + γραμμή (grammē), "line".[3]

Pentagrams were used symbolically in ancient Greece and Babylonia, and are used today as a symbol of faith by many Wiccans, akin to the use of the cross by Christians and the Star of David by Jews. The pentagram has magical associations, and many people who practice Neopagan faiths wear jewelry incorporating the symbol. Christians once more commonly used the pentagram to represent the five wounds of Jesus.[4][5] The pentagram has associations with Freemasonry[6] and is also utilized by other belief systems.

The word "pentacle" is sometimes used synonymously with "pentagram", and this usage is borne out by the Oxford English Dictionary, although that work specifies that a circumscription makes the shape more particularly a pentacle.[7] Wiccans and Neopagans often make use of this more specific definition for a pentagram enclosed in a circle.[8]

Contents
[hide] 1 Classification
2 Early history 2.1 Sumer
2.2 Pythagoreans
2.3 Wu Xing

3 European occultism
4 Religious symbolism 4.1 Bahá'í Faith
4.2 Christianity
4.3 Mormonism
4.4 Neopaganism
4.5 Satanism
4.6 Thelema

5 Political symbolism 5.1 Flags

6 Other organizations 6.1 Order of the Eastern Star

7 In literature
8 Geometry 8.1 Construction
8.2 Golden ratio
8.3 Trigonometric values
8.4 Three-dimensional figures
8.5 Higher dimensions

9 In astronomy and nature
10 In visual arts
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
14 External links

[edit] Classification

The simple five-pointed star is not a pentagram.

A pentagram always has strokes through the center and has 5 points.

A pentacle is a pentagram with a circle around it (point-down in this image).

[edit] Early history

[edit] Sumer

The first known uses of the pentagram are found in Mesopotamian writings dating to about 3000 BC. The Sumerian pentagrams served as pictograms for the word "UB" meaning "corner, angle, nook; a small room, cavity, hole; pitfall", suggesting something very similar to the pentemychos (see below on the Pythagorean use for what pentemychos means). In René Labat's index system of Sumerian hieroglyphs/pictograms it is shown with two points up.[9] In the Babylonian context, the edges of the pentagram were probably orientations: forward, backward, left, right, and "above".[10] These directions also had an astrological meaning, representing the five planets Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, Saturn, and Venus as the "Queen of Heaven" (Ishtar) above.[10]

[edit] Pythagoreans

Hugieia Pentagram
The Pythagoreans called the pentagram ὑγιεία Hugieia ("health"; also the Greek goddess of health, Hygieia[11]), and saw in the pentagram a mathematical perfection (see Geometry section below).

The ancient Pythagorean pentagram, with two legs up, represented the Pentemychos (πεντέμυχος "of five sanctuaries"),[12] a cosmogony written by Pythagoras' teacher and friend Pherecydes of Syros.[13][14] It was the "island" or "cave"[13] where the first pre-cosmic-offspring had to be put in order for the cosmos to appear: "the divine products of Chronos' seed [σπέρμα spérma], when disposed in five recesses, were called Πεντέμυχος (Pentemuxos)".[13]

[edit] Wu Xing

Main article: Wu Xing

Representation of the Chinese five phases, or elements (Wǔ Xíng)
Wu Xing (Chinese: 五行; pinyin: Wǔ Xíng), the five phases, or five elements, is an ancient Chinese mnemonic and symbolic figure widely known in East Asia and used traditionally in applications such as medicine, acupuncture, feng shui, and Taoism. They are similar to the ancient Greek elements, with more emphasis on their cyclic transformation than on their material aspects. The five phases are: Fire (火 huǒ), Earth (土 tǔ), Metal (金 jīn), Water (水 shuǐ), and Wood (木 mù).

The vectors of the overcoming or controlling cycle visually form a pentagram which is commonly incorporated into depictions. Generative and destructive cycles are shown as clockwise and counter-clockwise circular motion.[15]
controlling cycle wood breaks earth, earth absorbs water, water douses fire, fire melts metal, metal splits wood. generative cycle wood feeds fire, fire makes earth, earth bears metal, metal collects water, water nourishes wood. destructive cycle wood absorbs water, water rusts metal, metal breaks earth, earth smothers fire, fire burns wood.
[edit] European occultism

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and others perpetuated the popularity of the pentagram as a magic symbol, keeping the Pythagorean attributions of elements to the five points. By the mid-19th century a further distinction had developed amongst occultists regarding the pentagram's orientation. With a single point upwards it depicted spirit presiding over the four elements of matter, and was essentially "good". However, the influential writer Eliphas Levi called it evil whenever the symbol appeared the other way up.
"A reversed pentagram, with two points projecting upwards, is a symbol of evil and attracts sinister forces because it overturns the proper order of things and demonstrates the triumph of matter over spirit. It is the goat of lust attacking the heavens with its horns, a sign execrated by initiates."[16]
"The flaming star, which, when turned upside down, is the hierolgyphic [sic] sign of the goat of Black Magic, whose head may be drawn in the star, the two horns at the top, the ears to the right and left, the beard at the bottom. It is the sign of antagonism and fatality. It is the goat of lust attacking the heavens with its horns."[17]
"Let us keep the figure of the Five-pointed Star always upright, with the topmost triangle pointing to heaven, for it is the seat of wisdom, and if the figure is reversed, perversion and evil will be the result."[18]

Man inscribed in a pentagram, from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's De occulta philosophia libri tres. The five signs at the pentagram's vertices are astrological.

Another pentagram from Agrippa's book. This one has the Pythagorean letters inscribed around the circle.

The occultist and magician Eliphas Levi's pentagram, which he considered to be a symbol of the microcosm, or human.

[edit] Religious symbolism

[edit] Bahá'í Faith

Main article: Bahá'í symbols

The five-pointed star is the symbol of the Bahá'í Faith.[19][20] In the Bahá'í Faith, the star is known as the Haykal (Arabic: "temple"‎), and it was initiated and established by the Báb. The Báb and Bahá'u'lláh wrote various works in the form of a pentagram.[21]

[edit] Christianity

The pentagram is used as a Christian symbol for the five senses,[22] Medieval Christians believed that the "pentalpha" symbolizes the five wounds of Christ. The pentagram was believed to protect against demons.[23]

The pentagram figured in a heavily symbolic Arthurian romance:[23] it appears on the shield of Sir Gawain in the 14th century poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. As the poet explains, the five points of the star each have five meanings: they represent the five senses, the five fingers, the five wounds of Christ,[24] the five joys that Mary had of Jesus (the Annunciation, the Nativity, the Resurrection, the Ascension, and the Assumption), and the five virtues of knighthood which Gawain hopes to embody: noble generosity, fellowship, purity, courtesy, and compassion.

[edit] Mormonism

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints began using both upright and inverted five-pointed stars in Temple architecture, dating from the Nauvoo Illinois Temple, which was dedicated on 30 April 1846.[25] Other temples decorated with five-pointed stars in both orientations include the Salt Lake Temple, and the Logan Temple. These symbols derived from traditional Morning Star pentagrams that are no longer commonly used by other Christian denominations.[26]

[edit] Neopaganism

A typical Neopagan pentagram (circumscribed).
Many Neopagans, especially Wiccans, use the pentagram as a symbol of faith similar to the Christian cross or the Jewish Star of David. Its religious symbolism is commonly explained by reference to the neo-Pythagorean understanding that the five vertices of the pentagram represent the four elements with the addition of Spirit as the uppermost point. As a representation of the elements, the pentagram is involved in the Wiccan practice of summoning the elemental spirits of the four directions at the beginning of a ritual.

The outer circle of the circumscribed pentagram is sometimes interpreted as binding the elements together or bringing them into harmony with each other. The Neopagan pentagram is generally displayed with one point up, partly because of the "inverted" goat's head pentagram's association with Satanism; however, within traditional forms of Wicca a pentagram (no circle) with two points up is associated with the Second Degree Initiation and in this way differs from the encircled pentacle inverted of Satanism.[27]

Because of a perceived association with Satanism and also because of negative societal attitudes towards Neopagan religions and the "occult", many United States schools have sought to prevent students from displaying the pentagram on clothing or jewelry.[28][29][30] In public schools, such actions by administrators have been determined to be in violation of students' First Amendment right to free exercise of religion.[31]

The circle around a pentagram (transforming it in to a pentacle) is a symbol of "unity, wholeness, infinity, the goddess, and protection. To earth-centered religions throughout history as well as to many contemporary pagans, it represents the feminine spirit or force, the cosmos or a spiritualism Mother Earth, and a sacred space."[citation needed] The five-pointed star is representative of the four primal elements (earth, air, fire and water,) and traditionally a fifth, called spirit. The circle binds them together to create life. When pointing up, the pentagram can represent spirituality's dominance over the material (pentagram) bound inside the laws of the cosmos (circle). The upside-down facing pentagram, meanwhile, represents the physical world ruling over the spiritual, and has therefore been associated with dark magic. Other sources point to its origin in Chinese five-element philosophy (see feng shui), as the natural balance between fire, water, earth, wood, and metal. This theory states that the direction it is pointing has nothing to do with good or evil, but rather the upside-down facing circle is for banishing. The circle is again for the concept the power within is bound by, this time for the circle of life.[32]

[edit] Satanism

A goat's head inscribed in a downward-pointing pentagram, from La Clef de la Magie Noire by the Rosicrucian Stanislas de Guaita (1897).
Satanists use a pentagram with two points up, often inscribed in a double circle, with the head of a goat inside the pentagram. This is referred to as the Sigil of Baphomet. They use it much the same way as the Pythagoreans, as Tartaros literally translates from Greek as a "Pit" or "Void" in Christian terminology (the word is used as such in the Bible, referring to the place where the fallen angels are fettered). The Pythagorean Greek letters are most often replaced by the Hebrew letters לויתן forming the name Leviathan. Less esoteric LaVeyan Satanists use it as a sign of rebellion or religious identification, the three downward points symbolising rejection of the holy Trinity.

[edit] Thelema

Aleister Crowley also made use of the pentagram and in his Thelemic system of magick: an adverse or inverted pentagram represents the descent of spirit into matter, according to the interpretation of Lon Milo DuQuette.[33] Crowley contradicted his old comrades in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, who, following Levi, considered this orientation of the symbol evil and associated it with the triumph of matter over spirit.

[edit] Political symbolism

[edit] Flags

While a solid five-pointed star is found on many flags, the pentagram is relatively rare. It appears on two national flags, those of Ethiopia and Morocco and in some coats of arms. According to Ivan Sache, on the Moroccan flags, the pentagram represents the link between God and the nation.[34] It is also possible that both flags use the pentagram as a symbol of King Solomon (see Seal of Solomon), the archetypal wise king of Jewish, Christian and Muslim lore, although the six-pointed Star of David is a more common and more widely accepted symbol. In either case, the pentagram is a traditional symbol of both the Moroccan and Ethiopian peoples, and, within Morocco, is also a symbol of the Alaouite dynasty.

Morocco's flag

Ethiopia's flag

Order of the Eastern Star emblem
[edit] Order of the Eastern Star

The Order of the Eastern Star, an organization associated with Freemasonry, has employed a point-down pentagram as its symbol, with the five isosceles triangles of the points colored red, blue, yellow, white and green. This is an older form of the order's emblem and it is now more commonly depicted with the central pentagon rotated 36° so that it is no longer strictly a pentagram.

[edit] In literature

In the medieval romance of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the pentagram on Gawain's shield is given a Christian interpretation (see above).

In Goethe's Faust, the pentagram prevents Mephistopheles from leaving a room.
Mephistopheles: I must confess, my stepping o'er Thy threshold a slight hindrance doth impede; The wizard-foot doth me retain. Faust: The pentagram thy peace doth mar? To me, thou son of hell, explain, How earnest thou in, if this thine exit bar? Could such a spirit aught ensnare?
According to Eliphas Levi, the sign of the pentagram is exalted by Goethe in the monologue of Faust:

"... Ah, how do all my senses leap at this sight! I feel the young and sacred pleasure of life quivering in my nerves and veins. Was it a God who traced this sign which stills the vertigo of my soul, fills my poor heart with joy, and, in a mysterious rapture, unveils the forces of Nature around me? Am I myself a God? All is so clear to me: I behold in these simple line the revelation of active Nature to my soul. I realise for the first time the truth of the wise man's words: The world of spirits is not closed! Thy sense is obtuse, thy heart is dead! Arise! Bathe, O adept of science, thy breast, still enveloped by an unearthly veil, in the splendours of the dawning day!" (Faust, Part i.sc.i).[35]

In H.P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos stories, the version of The Elder Sign devised by August Derleth is a warped pentagram with a flaming eye or pillar of flame in the center. It was first described in Derleth's novel, The Lurker at the Threshold. (This was, however, different from the symbol that Lovecraft himself had envisaged.)

In T.S. Eliot's The Dry Salvages, reference to pentagrams is made in part V, verse 8:
By sortilege, or tea leaves, riddle the inevitable With playing cards, fiddle with pentagrams Or barbituric acids, or dissect The recurrent image into pre-conscious terrors[...]
In Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code, the pentagram represents Venus, based on the successive inferior conjunctions of Venus against the Zodiac.

In Japanese culture, the pentagram (五芒星 gobōsei) is a symbol of magical power, associated with the onmyoji Abe no Seimei; it is a diagram of the "overcoming cycle" of the five Chinese elements. As a predominantly non-Christian country, with a different set of associations attached to the symbol, there is no social stigma associated with it.

[edit] Geometry

A pentagram colored to distinguish its line segments of different lengths. The four lengths are in golden ratio to one another.

Fractal pentagram drawn with a vector iteration program
The pentagram is the simplest regular star polygon. The pentagram contains ten points (the five points of the star, and the five vertices of the inner pentagon) and fifteen line segments. It is represented by the Schläfli symbol {5/2}. Like a regular pentagon, and a regular pentagon with a pentagram constructed inside it, the regular pentagram has as its symmetry group the dihedral group of order 10.

[edit] Construction

The pentagram can be constructed by connecting alternate vertices of a pentagon; see details of the construction. It can also be constructed as a stellation of a pentagon, by extending the edges of a pentagon until the lines intersect.

[edit] Golden ratio

The golden ratio, φ = (1 + √5) / 2 ≈ 1.618, satisfying

plays an important role in regular pentagons and pentagrams. Each intersection of edges sections the edges in golden ratio: the ratio of the length of the edge to the longer segment is φ, as is the length of the longer segment to the shorter. Also, the ratio of the length of the shorter segment to the segment bounded by the 2 intersecting edges (a side of the pentagon in the pentagram's center) is φ. As the four-color illustration shows:

The pentagram includes ten isosceles triangles: five acute and five obtuse isosceles triangles. In all of them, the ratio of the longer side to the shorter side is φ. The acute triangles are golden triangles. The obtuse isosceles triangle highlighted via the colored lines in the illustration is a golden gnomon.

[edit] Trigonometric values

Further information: Exact trigonometric constants: Pentagon

As a result, in an isosceles triangle with one or two angles of 36°, the longer of the two side lengths is φ times that of the shorter of the two, both in the case of the acute as in the case of the obtuse triangle.

[edit] Three-dimensional figures

Further information: Uniform polyhedron: Icosahedral symmetry

Several polyhedra incorporate pentagrams:

Pentagrammic prism

Pentagrammic antiprism

Pentagrammic crossed antiprism

Small stellated dodecahedron

Small ditrigonal icosidodecahedron

Small dodecahemicosahedron

Snub dodecadodecahedron

16th stellation of icosidodecahedron

[edit] Higher dimensions

Orthogonal projections of higher dimensional polytopes can also create pentagrammic figures:

The regular 5-cell (4-simplex) has 5 vertices and 10 edges.

The rectified 5-cell has 10 vertices and 30 edges.

The rectified 5-simplex has 15 vertices, seen in this orthogonal projection as 3 nested pentagrams.

The birectified 5-simplex has 20 vertices, seen in this orthogonal projection as 4 overlapping pentagrams.

All ten 4-dimensional Schläfli-Hess polychoron have either pentagrammic faces or vertex figure elements.

[edit] In astronomy and nature

Successive inferior conjunctions of Venus repeat very near a 13:8 orbital resonance (The Earth orbits 8 times for every 13 orbits of Venus), creating a pentagrammic precession sequence.

[edit] In visual arts

Martina Schettina: Golden Pentagram 2009 The artist Martina Schettina uses pentagrams in her paintings.[36] The painting "Golden Pentagram" was shown at the Museumsquartier in Vienna in 2010.[37]
Artist William Powhida employed pentagrams in his 2010 performance Surviving the Art World Using the Art of Sorcery at Hyperallergic in Brooklyn, NY. The artist performed curses that promised to "induce a favorable Friday New York Times review", "be paid within ninety days or three moons", "ward off annoying bloggers", or "beat your high estimate at auction".[38]

[edit] See also
Command-at-Sea Pin
Enneagram (geometry)
Heptagram
Hexagram
List of regular polytopes#Two Dimensions 2
List of symbols
Mullet (heraldry)
Nonconvex uniform polyhedra with full icosahedral symmetry (many show a pattern of pentagrams)
Pentad
Pentachoron – the 4-simplex
Pentagram map (related concept)
Pentalpha
Petersen graph
Ptolemy's theorem
Red star
Star (glyph)
Stellated polygons

[edit] Notes

1.^ πεντάγραμμον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
2.^ πέντε, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
3.^ γραμμή, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
4.^ "Pentagram" article in The Continuum Encyclopedia of Symbols Becker, Udo, ed., Garmer, Lance W. translator, New York: Continuum Books, 1994, p. 230.
5.^ Signs and Symbols in Christian Art Ferguson, George, Oxford University Press: 1966, p. 59.
6.^ Order of the Eastern Star
7.^ "Pentacle", Oxford English Dictionary.
8.^ Associated Press (23 April 2007). "Wiccan symbol OK for soldiers' graves". CNN.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
9.^ Labat, René. Manuel d'épigraphie akkadienne: Signes, Syllabaire, Idéogrammes. The pentagram is symbol number 306 in this system.
10.^ a b Merlin Raven Song: The Pentagram
11.^ ὑγίεια, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
12.^ πεντέμυχος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
13.^ a b c Kirk, Geoffrey Stephen; Raven, John Earle; Schofield, Malcolm (1983) [1957]. The Presocratic Philosophers: A Critical History with a Selection of Texts (2nd edition, illustrated, revised, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 51–52, 55. ISBN 978-0-521-27455-5. "the only other place in Homer where Ortygie [sic] is mentioned is Odyssey V, 123, where Orion, having been carried off by Eos [the dawn], is slain... by Artemis... since solstices would normally be observed at sunrise in summer, and so in the north-east-by-east direction, that is what the phrase might suggest... the dwelling-place of Eos... Aia..."
14.^ This is a lost book, but its contents are preserved in Damascius, De principiis, quoted in Kirk and Raven, (1983) [1956], p. 55.
15.^ Northern Shaolin Academy — Wu Xing Chart Chinese five elements table of correspondences (Microsoft Excel 2003 Format).
16.^ Levi, Eliphas (1855). Transcendental Magic, its Doctrine and Ritual.
17.^ Levi, Eliphas (1861, translated 2001 by Aleister Crowley). The Key of the Mysteries. Found at scribd.comm, page 69.
18.^ Hartmann, Franz (c. 1895). Magic, White and Black.
19.^ Bahá'í Reference Library – Directives from the Guardian, Pages 51–52
20.^ Nine-Pointed Star, The:History and Symbolism by Universal House of Justice 24 January 1999
21.^ Haykal - Baha'i Five Pointed Star Symbol
22.^ Christian Symbols Ancient and Modern, Child, Heather and Dorothy Colles. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971, ISBN 0-7135-1960-6.
23.^ a b Pentagram, pentacle
24.^ Christian Symbols and How To Use Them, Knapp, Justina; Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1955. Plate LXV, Plate LV (Imprimatur, Jos. F. Busch, Bishop of St. Cloud)
25.^ See the Nauvoo Temple website discussing its architecture, and particularly the page on Nauvoo Temple exterior symbolism. Retrieved 13 December 2006.
26.^ Brown, Matthew B (2002). "Inverted Stars on LDS Temples". FAIRLDS.org. Archived from the original on 29 February 2008.
27.^ Stewart, Farrar. The Witches' Way. Chapter II – Second Degree Initiation
28.^ "Religious Clothing in School", Robinson, B.A., Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, 20 August 1999, updated 29 April 2005. accessed 10 February 2006.
29.^ "ACLU Defends Honor Student Witch Pentacle" (Press release). American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan. 10 February 1999.

 

Retrieved 10 February 2006.
30.^ "Witches and wardrobes: Boy says he was suspended from school for wearing magical symbol" Rouvalis, Cristina; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 27 September 2000. accessed 10 February 2006.
31.^ "Federal judge upholds Indiana students' right to wear Wiccan symbols". Associated Press. 1 May 2000. Retrieved 21 September 2007.
32.^ Relijournal.com
33.^ The Magick of Aleister Crowley p 93 and endnote 31 to Chapter Five (p 247).
34.^ Moroccan flag on Flagspot.net accessed on 10 February 2006.
35.^ Eliphas Levi (1995). Transcendental Magic. Samuel Weiser Inc.. p. 69. ISBN 0-87728-079-7.
36.^ 2009: Martina Schettina: Mathemagische Bilder – Bilder und Texte. Vernissage Verlag Brod Media, Wien 2009, ISBN 978-3-200-01743-6 (German)
37.^ About the exhibition, interview on Radio Ö1(recalled at 19 June 2010)
38.^ Lackman, Jon. "Magical Realism". Artnews. September 2010.

[edit] References
Grünbaum, B. and G.C. Shephard; Tilings and Patterns, New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., (1987), ISBN 0-7167-1193-1.
Grünbaum, B.; Polyhedra with Hollow Faces, Proc of NATO-ASI Conference on Polytopes ... etc. (Toronto 1993), ed T. Bisztriczky et al., Kluwer Academic (1994) pp. 43–70.

[edit] External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pentagrams

Weisstein, Eric W., "Pentagram" from MathWorld.
The Pythagorean Pentacle from the Biblioteca Arcana.
In-depth analysis of the Golden Ratio
The pentagram and Freemasonry


Witchcraft and magic


Wicca and Pagan Witchcraft


Regular polygons

 

Categories: Christian symbols
Golden ratio
Magic (paranormal)
National symbols of Ethiopia
National symbols of Morocco
Neopaganism
Polygons
Pythagorean symbols
Star symbols
Religious symbols
Greek loanwords

This page was last modified on 3 April 2012 at 01:38

 

 

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9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
-
-
26
6
E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
19
-
-
6
-
25
-
16
2+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+9
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
1+6
8
6
E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
10
-
-
6
-
7
-
7
-
-
5
6
6
4
3
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
6
E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
1
-
-
6
-
7
-
7

 

 

E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
6
-
-
1
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
24
15
-
-
19
+
=
58
5+8
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
6
E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
4
3
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
5
-
-
4
21
-
+
=
30
3+0
=
3
=
3
=
3
6
E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
24
15
4
21
19
+
=
88
8+8
=
16
1+6
7
=
7
-
5
6
6
4
3
1
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
6
E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
6
E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
19
-
-
6
-
25
-
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+9
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
1+6
6
E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
10
-
-
6
-
7
-
7
-
5
6
6
4
3
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
E
X
O
D
U
S
-
-
1
-
-
6
-
7
-
7

 

 

5
DGEPNUTEEFONECH
56
20
2
2
D+G
11
11
2
1
E
5
5
5
1
P
16
7
7
1
N
14
5
5
2
U+T
41
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
2
F+O
21
12
3
1
N
14
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
2
C+H
11
2
2
15
DGEPNUTEEFONECH
148
67
49
1+5
-
1+4+8
6+7
4+9
6
DGEPNUTEEFONECH
13
13
13
-
-
1+3
1+3
1+3
6
DGEPNUTEEFONECH
4
4
4

 

 

-
ABRACADABRA
-
-
-
4
A+B+R+A
22
13
4
3
C+A+D
8
8
8
4
A+B+R+A
22
13
4
11
ABRACADABRA
52
34
16
1+1
-
5+2
3+4
1+6
2
ABRACADABRA
7
7
7

 

 

7
ABRAHAM
44
26
8
5
ABRAM
35
17
8
3
ABRA
22
13
4
-
ABRACADABRA
-
-
-
4
A+B+R+A
22
13
4
3
C+A+D
8
8
8
4
A+B+R+A
22
13
4
11
ABRACADABRA
52
34
16
1+1
-
5+2
3+4
1+6
2
ABRACADABRA
7
7
7

 

 

-
ABRACADABRA
-
-
-
4
A+R+A+B
22
13
4
3
C+A+D
8
8
8
4
A+R+A+B
22
13
4
11
ABRACADABRA
52
34
16
1+1
-
5+2
3+4
1+6
2
ABRACADABRA
7
7
7

 

 

1 2 9 1 3 1 4 1 2 9 1

ABRACADABRA

ARAB CAD ARAB

ABRACADABRA

1 2 9 1 3 1 4 1 2 9 1

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
5
MAGIC
33
24
6
2
OF
21
12
3
2
IT
29
11
2
3
ALL
25
7
7
15
First Total
141
69
24
1+5
Add to Reduce
1+4+1
6+9
2+4
6
Second Total
6
15
6
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+5
-
6
Essence of Number
6
6
6

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
7
MAGICAL
46
28
1
10
EXPERIENCE
104
59
5

 

 

4
HOLY
60
24
6
3
THE
33
15
6
5
MAGIC
33
24
6
12
Add to Reduce
126
63
18
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+2+6
6+3
1+8
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

12
DECALCOMANIA
81
45
9
15
PHANTASMAGORIA
143
62
8
16
PHANTASMAGORIAS
162
63
9
8
SIMULCRA
96
33
6
12
TRANSMOGRIFY
165
66
3
14
TRANSMOGRIFIES
173
74
2

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
9
CHURCHING
91
55
1
2
OF
21
12
3
5
WOMEN
70
25
7

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
3
MAN
28
10
1
4
THAT
49
13
4
5
NEVER
64
28
1
3
WAS
43
7
7
18
First Total
217
73
19
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+1+7
7+3
1+9
9
Second Total
10
10
10
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
9
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

B
=
2
2
BY
27
9
9
T
=
2
5
THEIR
60
33
6
D
=
4
5
DEEDS
37
19
1
Y
=
7
2
YE
30
12
3
S
=
1
5
SHALL
52
16
7
K
=
2
4
KNOW
63
18
9
T
=
2
4
THEM
46
19
1
-
-
20
27
Add to Reduce
315
126
36
-
-
2+0
2+7
Reduce to Deduce
3+1+5
1+2+6
3+6
-
-
2
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
27
B
Y
-
T
H
E
I
R
-
D
E
E
D
S
-
Y
E
-
S
H
A
L
L
-
K
N
O
W
-
T
H
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
8
-
-
+
=
46
4+6
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
19
8
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
8
-
-
+
=
100
1+0+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
27
B
Y
-
T
H
E
I
R
-
D
E
E
D
S
-
Y
E
-
S
H
A
L
L
-
K
N
O
W
-
T
H
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
7
-
2
-
5
-
9
-
4
5
5
4
-
-
7
5
-
-
-
1
3
3
-
2
-
-
5
-
2
-
5
4
+
=
80
8+0
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
2
25
-
20
-
5
-
18
-
4
5
5
4
-
-
25
5
-
-
-
1
12
12
-
11
-
-
23
-
20
-
5
13
+
=
215
2+1+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
27
B
Y
-
T
H
E
I
R
-
D
E
E
D
S
-
Y
E
-
S
H
A
L
L
-
K
N
O
W
-
T
H
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
25
-
20
8
5
9
18
-
4
5
5
4
19
-
25
5
-
19
8
19
12
12
-
11
14
15
23
-
20
8
5
13
+
=
315
3+1+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
7
-
2
8
5
9
9
-
4
5
5
4
1
-
7
5
-
1
8
1
3
3
-
2
5
6
5
-
2
8
5
4
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
27
B
Y
-
T
H
E
I
R
-
D
E
E
D
S
-
Y
E
-
S
H
A
L
L
-
K
N
O
W
-
T
H
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
2
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
=
8
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
7
=
35
3+5
8
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
45
27
B
Y
-
T
H
E
I
R
-
D
E
E
D
S
-
Y
E
-
S
H
A
L
L
-
K
N
O
W
-
T
H
E
M
-
-
45
-
-
27
-
126
-
54
4+5
2+7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+7
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
9
9
B
Y
-
T
H
E
I
R
-
D
E
E
D
S
-
Y
E
-
S
H
A
L
L
-
K
N
O
W
-
T
H
E
M
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
7
-
2
8
5
9
9
-
4
5
5
4
1
-
7
5
-
1
8
1
3
3
-
2
5
6
5
-
2
8
5
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
B
Y
-
T
H
E
I
R
-
D
E
E
D
S
-
Y
E
-
S
H
A
L
L
-
K
N
O
W
-
T
H
E
M
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

5
NETER
62
26
8
5
ENTER
62
26
8
5
ENTERS
62
26
8
6
NETERS
81
27
9

 

 

6
NETHER
70
34
7
5
WORLD
72
27
9

 

 

11
NETHERWORLD
142
61
7
1
I
9
9
9
12
NEITHERWORLD
151
70
16
1+2
-
1+5+1
7+0
1+6
3
NEITHERWORLD
7
7
7

 

 

-
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
19
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
2
5
9
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
5
20
5
18
-
+
=
48
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
5
20
5
18
19
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
28
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
17
-
-
6
-
27
-
18
2+8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
1+8
10
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
1+0
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
14
-
-
-
-
19
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
2
5
9
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
5
20
5
18
-
+
=
48
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
14
5
20
5
18
19
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
17
-
-
6
-
27
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
1+8
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

6
ENTERS
81
27
9
6
NETERS
81
27
9
12
Add to Reduce
162
54
18
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+6+2
5+4
1+8
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
1
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
19
-
14
-
-
-
-
19
+
=
66
6+6
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
2
5
9
-
-
-
5
2
5
9
-
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-`
5
-
20
5
18
-
-
-
5
20
5
18
-
+
=
96
9+6
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
14
20
5
18
19
-
14
5
20
5
18
19
+
=
162
1+6+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
28
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
17
-
-
12
-
54
-
18
2+8
1+2
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
1+2
-
5+4
-
1+8
10
3
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
9
-
9
1+0
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
1
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
19
-
14
-
-
-
-
19
+
=
66
6+6
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
2
5
9
-
-
-
5
2
5
9
-
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-`
5
-
20
5
18
-
-
-
5
20
5
18
-
+
=
96
9+6
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
14
20
5
18
19
-
14
5
20
5
18
19
+
=
162
1+6+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
28
12
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
17
-
-
12
-
54
-
18
2+8
1+2
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
1+2
-
5+4
-
1+8
10
3
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
9
-
9
1+0
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
N
E
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
1
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
19
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
2
5
9
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-`
5
-
20
5
18
-
+
=
48
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
14
20
5
18
19
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
28
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
17
-
-
6
-
27
-
18
2+8
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
1+8
10
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
1+0
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
5
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
3
-
-
5
-
6
-
6

 

 

6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
1
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
14
-
-
-
19
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
2
5
9
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-`
5
-
20
5
18
-
+
=
48
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
14
20
5
18
19
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
17
-
-
6
-
27
-
18
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
1+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
1+8
6
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
8
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
5
5
2
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
E
N
T
E
R
S
-
-
3
-
-
5
-
6
-
6

 

 

6
SPREAD
63
27
9
6
EAGLED
34
25
7
6
ACROSS
75
21
3
3
THE
33
15
6
5
CROSS
74
20
2
26
First Total
279
108
27
2+6
Add to Reduce
2+7+9
1+0+8
2+7
8
Second Total
18
9
9
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

4
LIES
45
18
9
6
DECEIT
46
28
1
5
FALSE
43
16
7
9
FALSEHOOD
85
40
4
7
DEVIOUS
95
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
CRUEL
59
23
5
7
CRUELTY
104
32
5
7
CORRUPTS
130
40
4
9
CORRUPTED
120
48
3
10
CORRUPTION
149
59
5
10
CORRUPTING
104
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
CRIME
48
30
3
8
CRIMINAL
79
43
7
11
CRIMINALITY
133
52
7

 

 

7
TORTURE
117
36
9
13
WATER-BOARDING
137
65
2
5
WATER
67
22
4
8
BOARDING
70
43
7

 

 

7
SUICIDE
70
34
7
6
BOMBER
55
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
ASSASINATING
133
43
7
12
ASSASINATION
141
42
6
10
ASSASINATE
108
27
9
11
ASSASINATED
117
36
9

 

 

6
AETHER
57
30
3
6
EITHER
65
38
2
5
ETHER
56
29
2
6
AKASHA
41
14
5

 

 

8
BECOMING
68
41
5

 

 

14
TRANSCENDENTAL
150
51
6
8
IMMANENT
89
35
8

 

 

3
NOR
47
20
2
2
OR
33
15
6

 

 

6
EITHER
-
-
-
-
I
9
9
9
5
THERE
56
29
2
6
EITHER
65
38
11
-
-
6+5
3+8
1+1
6
EITHER
11
11
2
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
6
EITHER
2
2
2

 

 

7
NEITHER
79
52
7
6
EITHER
65
38
2

 

 

3
HOW
46
19
1
3
ARE
24
15
6
3
THE
33
15
6
6
MIGHTY
82
37
1
6
FALLEN
50
23
5
21
First Total
235
109
19
2+1
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+0+9
1+9
3
Second Total
10
1
10
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
1+0
3
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

-
DIVIDED
-
-
-
-
D
4
4
4
-
I
9
9
9
-
V
22
4
4
-
I
9
9
9
-
D
4
4
4
-
E+D
9
9
9
7
DIVIDED
57
39
39
1
-
5+7
3+9
3+9
7
DIVIDED
12
12
12
-
1+2
1+2
1+2
7
DIVIDED
3
3
3

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
M
=
4
-
2
ME
18
9
9
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
K
=
2
-
7
KINGDOM
73
37
1
D
=
4
-
7
DIVIDED
57
39
3
A
=
1
-
7
AGAINST
71
26
8
I
=
9
-
6
ITSELF
71
26
8
-
-
32
-
34
Add to Reduce
333
162
45
-
-
3+2
-
3+4
Reduce to Deduce
3+3+3
1+6+2
4+5
-
-
5
-
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
5
RIGHT
62
35
8
3
WAY
49
13
4
11
Add to Reduce
144
63
18
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+4+4
6+3
1+8
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
9
-
7
-
2
-
5
1
7
+
=
38
3+8
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
20
-
5
-
18
-
7
-
20
-
23
1
25
+
=
119
1+1+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
18
9
7
8
20
-
23
1
25
+
=
144
1+4+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
9
9
7
8
2
-
5
1
7
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
``-
2
-
-
-`
-
-
-
-
2
-`
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
13
11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
32
-
-
11
-
63
-
27
1+3
1+1
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+1
-
6+3
-
2+7
4
2
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
9
9
7
8
2
-
5
1
7
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
4
2
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
9
-
9

 

 

11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
9
-
7
-
2
-
5
1
7
+
=
38
3+8
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
20
-
5
-
18
-
7
-
20
-
23
1
25
+
=
119
1+1+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
18
9
7
8
20
-
23
1
25
+
=
144
1+4+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
2
8
5
-
9
9
7
8
2
-
5
1
7
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
``-
2
-
-
-`
-
-
-
-
2
-`
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
11
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
32
-
-
11
-
63
-
27
1+1
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+1
-
6+3
-
2+7
2
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
9
-
9
-
2
8
5
-
9
9
7
8
2
-
5
1
7
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
2
T
H
E
-
R
I
G
H
T
-
W
A
Y
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
9
-
9

 

 

4
THUS
68
14
5
4
HAVE
36
18
9
1
I
9
9
9
5
HEARD
36
27
9
14
First Total
149
68
32
1+4
Add to Reduce
1+4+9
6+8
3+2
5
Second Total
14
14
5
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

20
THE ORIGIN OF SUFFERING
231
123
6

 

 

6
ORIGIN
72
45
9
2
OF
21
12
3
9
SUFFERING
105
51
6
17
First Total
198
108
18
1+7
Add to Reduce
1+9+8
1+0+8
1+8
8
Second Total
18
9
9
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
6
ORIGIN
72
45
9
2
OF
21
12
3
9
SUFFERING
105
51
6
20
Add to Reduce
231
123
24
2+0
Reduce to Deduce
2+3+1
1+2+3
2+4
2
Essence of Number
6
6
6

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
3
LAW
23
9
9
2
OF
21
12
3
7
CLOSURE
93
30
3

 

 

5
SENSE
62
17
8
8
PERCEIVE
83
47
2
10
PERCEPTION
121
58
4
11
PERCEPTIONS
140
59
5
6
SENSES
81
18
9
4
FIVE
42
24
6

 

 

5
TULPA
70
16
7

 

 

5
TULKU
85
13
4

 

 

I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
T
=
2
-
4
THAT
49
13
4
A
=
1
-
2
AM
14
5
5
A
=
1
-
5
ALONE
47
20
2
A
=
1
-
5
ALONE
47
20
2
A
=
1
-
2
AM
14
5
5
A
=
1
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
24
4
20
First Total
189
81
36
-
-
2+4
-
2+0
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
8+1
3+6
Q
-
6
-
2
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
6
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

I

ME

SET ISISIS SET

OSIRIS ISISIS OSIRIS

SET OSIRIS ISISIS OSIRIS SET

 

 

SIRIUS I SAY SIRIUS SAY I SIRIUS I SAY SIRIUS SAY I SIRIUS

 

 

I

ME

I SAY ISIS SAY I

I SAY OSIRIS SAY I

I SAY CHRIST SAY I

I SAY KRISHNA SAY I

I SAY RISHI ISHI ISHI RISHI SAY I

I SAY VISHNU SHIVA SHIVA VISHNU SAY I

ARISES THAT SUN SETS THAT SUN SETS THAT SUN ARISES THAT SUN

OSIRIS THAT SON SETS THAT SON SETS THAT SON OSIRIS THAT SON

 

 

THAT SUN IS RISING RISING IS THAT SON

THAT SON IN WHOM I AM WELL PLEASED

 

 

WISDOM OF THE EAST

by Hari Prasad Shastri 1948

Page 8

"There is no such word in Sanscrita as 'Creation' applied to the universe. The Sanscrita word for Creation is Shristi, which means 'projection' Creation means to bring something into being out /Page 9/ of nothing, to create, as a novelist creates a character. There was no Miranda, for example, until Shakespeare created her. Similarly the ancient Indians (this term is innacurately used as there was no India at that time). who were our ancestors long, long ago. used a word for creation that means 'projection'.

 

Golden Ratio Pre History

... on the Periphery of the Temple of Osiris at Abydos”, KMT Winter 1997/8, .... The five-pointed star hieroglyph. This identification of the pentagram ... In their system, a star with five rays was the hieroglyphic sign for "seba" or “star”. ... The five- pointed star in its circum- circle could therefore also ... www.recoveredscience.com/const305goldenprehistory.htm

 

Numerals and constants

Numerals A brief prehistory of the golden ratio  

Pentagrams before Pythagoras

The oldest surviving written evidence for our species' knowledge of the unique "golden" section dates back to Byzantine times, about 888 CE or slightly later1, when the earliest extant copy of the mathematical textbook "The Elements" was written.  The contents of this book, in turn, was attributed to the classical Greek mathematician Euclid who wrote around 300 BCE.  He discussed this proportion as the "division in extreme and mean ratio". 

Before Euclid, the Athenian sculptor and architect Phidias (490 to 432 BCE) gets generally credited with having pioneered the use of this ratio in his design of the Parthenon temple for Athena, the Greek goddess of Wisdom, science, and art.  Some scholars deny the presence of this ratio in that temple or any other building of its time, but it is to honor Phidias for its use that modern mathematicians often designate this ratio with the Greek letter f = phi.

Phidias’ knowledge of this proportion, as well as the relevant chapters by Euclid, are said to be based on information from the Greek mathematician Pythagoras (about 580 to about 500 BCE)2.  Some disciples of this semi- legendary philosopher and founder of a number- mystic sect reputedly used a pentagram as one of the symbols for his mathematical doctrine, and one of them is said to have displayed this phi- based geometrical figure on his door post as a secret sign of mutual recognition3.  The sign and its meaning could remain secret despite that public display because only those initiated into the mysteries of Pythagoras' geometry were able to draw it correctly and to appreciate its deep significance as a symbol for and gateway to those mysteries.

This is where the documented or reported trail of phi and the pentagram stops, at least in the current mainstream histories of science.

Geometrically, the pentagram is an extension of the pentagon which is the same design without the star- arms.  Both include in their proportions many instances of the golden ratio, and to draw either figure properly one must first construct that ratio, as illustrated on the "Golden Drawings" page, and as explained below.  This construction requires analytical thinking.

For instance, Sir Thomas Heath, the eminent translator of many Greek mathematical and astronomical texts, says about the pentagon in his "Summary of the Pythagorean Mathematical Discoveries":

"... as [the construction of a regular pentagon] depends upon the construction of an isosceles triangle in which each of the base angles is the double of the vertical angle, and this again on the cutting of a line in extreme and mean ratio, we may fairly assume that this was the way in which the construction of the regular pentagon was actually evolved.

It would follow that the solution of problems by analysis was already practiced by the Pythagoreans, notwithstanding that the discovery of the analytical method is attributed by Proclus to Plato. As the particular construction is practically given in Euclid IV:10,11, we may assume that the content of Euclid IV was also partly Pythagorean."4

The mathematical historian Roger Herz- Fischler concurs in his book “A Mathematical History of the Golden Number”:

 

“To determine when the pentagon was first inscribed in a circle or, if my conclusion is correct about when the concept of [division in extreme and mean ratio] first appeared, we must look for a period when mathematics was at the level of rigor where mathematicians would consider working within a ‘program’: for this is how the construction of the pentagon appears to me, as part of a program to inscribe the regular polygons in a circle.  While the other polygons only required making older intuitive proofs more rigorous, the pentagon required new techniques, new insights, and new lemmas.”

Herz- Fischler says this postulated program of inscribing polygons into a circle was conceived in Greece.  However, the Egyptians had long been scribing polygons around circles, and this requires the same mathematical approach and skills.  

Pharaonic stone masons made round columns by starting with polygon facets around the desired circle; then only did they cut away the excess material.  According to Dieter Arnold, an Egyptologist who studied the ancient construction methods, this approach can be observed in the unfinished corner torus of Pylon IV at Karnak.  This torus

“... is not yet completely round but polygonal, thus preserving an intermediate step between the rectangular boss and the rounded torus”.  

Other columns were intentionally left polygonal, for instance, the two sixteen- sided limestone columns at the entrance of the small temple which Thutmose III built in Abydos. The same geometrical skills would also have been required for the half- and three- quarter- round engaged columns in king Djoser’s Saqqara buildings.  Those columns are, moreover, both fluted and tapered, requiring precise guidelines in progressively adjusted sizes.

Whatever method of analytical geometry the Egyptian column cutters may have used for drawing those many regular polygons, it seems that the pentagram expressed the essence of this science not only for the Pythagoreans but also for the temple designers of the Ramesside era, some 750 years before Pythagoras was born.

Geometry was the special turf of Seshat, the divine mistress of temple plans.  She  presided over the so-called "House of Books", later also called the "House of Life", where the priests and sages maintained and transmitted traditions in all areas of knowledge, from medicine to magic and dream books, and above all the correct performance of rituals which included the design of all temples[8]

These proto- Universities or library archives appear in the titles of dignitaries from the Fourth Dynasty on.  For instance, one of king Khufu’s sons was "Priest of Seshat presiding over the House of Books"[9].  

Seshat’s most prominent task was the laying out of sacred buildings, together with the king.  Her foundation ritual of "stretching the cord" is sculpted on many temple walls, and it was essential for assuring that the geometry of the building would correctly reflect the structure of heaven and earth which the temple was built to reproduce.

As described in the chapter "Maat soulmate Seshat convicted for possessing pot and undeclared math", a beautiful and well preserved portrait of Seshat among the reliefs in the Luxor temple from around 1250 BCE shows a pentagram at the center of the hemp leaf in her emblem[10].  That pentagram is perched on its stem above her head as if this geometrical figure was already then a symbol for geometry, used there as an extra determinative for the most characteristic art taught by that goddess of geometry, writing, and general learning.  

The five-pointed star hieroglyph

This identification of the pentagram with geometry may even go back much farther, all the way to the hieroglyph designer(s) of early Egypt.  In their system, a star with five rays was the hieroglyphic sign for "seba" or “star”.   Many carefully sculpted examples show these rays evenly spaced like those of a skinny pentagram although stars with six or eight rays would have been much easier to draw.  

The ancient Egyptians attached great importance to similarities in sound or spelling of otherwise unrelated words.  They believed such resemblances were a sign of deep connections between  the objects or ideas such words  represented, and this ancient principle gives us a glimpse at the associations they seem to have made with this penta- star.

This same star, with a papyrus roll as determinative for abstract ideas, appeared also in the word "seba-eet" for “written teaching, instruction”, whereas the verb "seba" =  "to teach, to learn" combined that star with a weapon- wielding arm.  (This threatening arm referred presumably to the school master's rod since the word "seba-oo" for "education", based on the same root and with the same determinative, could also mean "punishment".)  

Whatever associations this punishing arm may have evoked in the pupils of the scribal schools, the teachings symbolized by the five- pointed star were also associated with doorways because the same "seba" signs as in the "teaching, learning" verb meant "gate" when their "armed- arm" determinative was replaced with that of a houseplan.  

The gates this pun on "learning" represented to the learners may have admitted these to the lucrative careers to which their learning opened the way, or to the wisdom which opened their minds.  However, although such modern thoughts may also have played a role back then, the star in the word may have alluded above all to other gates which were even more important.  

Stars were thought to be the gates of heaven.  Another word for them, "ankh-oo", included the "ankh" sign of life and a star plus the plural sign, and it had the same consonants as "ankh-oo" which was also a plural and meant "the living".  Consistent with the ancient Egyptian habit of denying death, "the living" was an euphemism for the dead since the eternal afterlife of these was considered more real and more important than its brief prelude here while the future deceased still walked on earth.

Dead pharaos became stars and circled the celestial north pole together with the other "Immortals", that is, the circumpolar stars which never disappear below the horizon.  This may initially have been an exclusive privilege for  royals, but as commoners gained access to the afterlife, stars came to represent also the souls of the dead in general.  

This connection between the star sign and the dead is expressed again unmistakably in the hieroglyph for the "duat" or "afterworld" which was the same five- pointed star but with a circle around it -- pi surrounding phi.  

As we saw earlier, a circle was the symbol of the sun and of its divine eternity.  The "duat"- sign and its meaning implied therefore that geometry came from and belonged to that parallel but timeless and invisible realm where the gods dwelled, and the "justified" dead who went to join them.  That netherworld realm was thus apparently also the world of the numbers and of the geometry from which it took its symbol.

This connection between numbers and stars and gods and the dead who became gods and/or stars makes sense in magical analog thinking because numbers and geometric objects are as timeless and as intangible as those spiritual beings, and as charged with mysterious powers.  The Egyptians’ use of numbers in religious and magical contexts suggests that they perceived gods and numbers as related, just as the Mesopotamians did.

Another habit of magical thinking is that a part can stand for or replace the whole.  An important part of the ancient Egyptian afterworld were the gates to and within it through which the sun and the newly deceased had to pass on the way to their resurrection.  Such gates appear already in the Pyramid Texts and in the Book of the Dead, and twelve serpent- guarded gates, one after each hour of this night voyage, became later such a defining feature for the netherworld that one of the popular guidebooks to it, first attested among the wall paintings in the tomb of king Horemheb (1319 to 1307 BCE), is now called "The Book of Gates" [12].  

The five- pointed star in its circum- circle could therefore also designate the gates to that afterworld, matching the above presence of the star sign in the word for "gate".  This usage of the symbol as an opening to the world beyond survived into Medieval and even Renaissance times when magicians typically drew a pentagram on the floor to summon spirits from that world and enclosed it in a circle to protect themselves and their audience from the dangers inherent in such contacts. 

Pythagoras as plagiarist

These uses of the symbol for geometry indicate that the science it represented meant far more to its practitioners than a way to measure fields.  They anticipate by more than two millennia the Pythagorean connection between this sign and that science, and they suggest therefore that Seshat, or her priests, had much earlier claims on the analytical method than any Greek.  The prior art in the hieroglyph signs and on Narmer’s mace makes Pythagoras move over and abandon his bragging rights as that method’s alleged inventor.

Indeed, many ancient authors tell us that Pythagoras picked up much of his knowledge from others.  This purported discoverer of the golden ratio and of its pentagram symbol for the analytical method is notorious for having claimed as his own many discoveries that he had learned abroad.  His almost contemporary, the four decades younger Greek philosopher Heraclitus who lived from about 540 to about 480 BCE and probably had access to some of the same sources as Pythagoras, accused him of systematic intellectual theft:

"Pythagoras, son of Mnesarchos, has done more researching than all other people, and by reading together all these writings he pretended with punditry and artful lies that they were his own wisdom. (...) Pythagoras is the leader of the swindlers."[13]

Similarly, though without the offensive terms or intent, all of Pythagoras’ ancient biographers stated that this reputed founder of Western science [14] owed much of his learning to the traditions of the Near East.

For instance, the Neo- Platonic (and thus also Neo- Pythagorean) philosopher Iamblichus (about 250 to 325 CE) wrote relatively late but is said to have used early sources.  According to his account, Pythagoras began his studies with the philosopher and mathematician Thales of Miletus (about 625 to 550 BCE) on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor and then continued them in the Levant :

"... he sailed to Sidon, both because it was his native country, and because it was on his way to Egypt. In Phoenicia he conversed with the prophets who were the descendants of Moschus the physiologist (that is, Moses), and with many others, as well as with the local hierophants [priests who interpret religious rites and mysteries]. He was also initiated into all the mysteries of Byblos and Tyre, and in the sacred function performed in many parts of Syria. (...)

After gaining all he could from the Phoenician mysteries, he found that they had originated from the sacred rites of Egypt, forming as it were an Egyptian colony. (...)

Here in Egypt he frequented all the temples with the greatest diligence and most studious research, (...) acquiring all the wisdom each possessed.  He thus passed twenty- two years in the sanctuaries of temples, studying astronomy and geometry, and being initiated in no casual or superficial manner in all the mysteries of the gods.

At length, however, he was taken captive by the soldiers of Cambyses and carried off to Babylon. Here he was overjoyed to be associated with the Magi who instructed him in their venerable knowledge, and in the most perfect worship of the gods. Through their assistance, likewise, he studied and completed arithmetic, music, and all the other sciences. After twelve years, about the fifty- sixth year of his age, he returned to Samos." [15]

Of course, Iamblichus may have embellished some of the details in his hagiography, such as the readiness of the local priests to initiate this stranger into all their secret teachings.

We must also keep in mind that we have very little or no first- hand information about Pythagoras, and that his very existence can be questioned.  He was a legend- encrusted figure, a miracle worker with a golden thigh who could be in two places at the same time.  He was also a son of the god Apollo, and so exalted that a river once greeted him by name when he crossed it.

Still, even if this fairy- tale Pythagoras may have never lived, the traditions from antiquity about his teachings are real, and it matters little if some other fellow (whom later writers only happened to call Pythagoras) may have spread the doctrine said to be his.

The solid core of these traditions reflects that the greater part of the mathematical knowledge and discoveries known to the early Classical Greeks, and claimed by or ascribed to Pythagoras, actually came from the cradles of civilization in the Levant, the long- established trading partners and teachers of the then culturally just emerging Greeks.

Pentagons in Solomon's Temple

One of the groups most active in this transmission of ideas were the Phoenicians, acknowledged as such in several Greek myths like that of Cadmus bringing the alphabet to Thebes.  In Iamblichus’ account, Pythagoras himself was of Phoenician descent and started his quest by traveling to that homeland of his.

Several centuries before Pythagoras, at a time when Greek mathematics was barely at the stage of counting all the legs on a tripod, the Hebrew king Solomon hired Phoenician specialists to build his Temple, and he maintained close contacts with these gifted traders and craftsmen.   The designer of his famous Temple in Jerusalem incorporated into that building many examples of the golden ratio, including the same phi- based construction from which the Pythagoreans would later derive their above recognition sign, and he used it in the same location as they would.

The New English Bible translates in 1 Kings 6:21 that at the entrance to the Holy of Holies 

 

"the door posts and the pilasters were pentagonal".  

If this translation is correct, then it implies that Solomon’s builders were also aware  of this analysis- requiring construction, just like their Egyptian neighbors.  Moreover, their use of of the pentagon for the cross- section of these door posts matches the way the above Pythagoreans would later affix the pentagram to the door posts to identify their dwellings to other members of their group.  The only difference is that in the Temple, the pentagon was not oriented horizontally towards people but turned upwards to heaven since the door it marked was intended for God.

The use of this recognition symbol in the door posts also matches how Jews from at least the Second Temple period on marked their door posts with mezuzahs to identify themselves to God for his protection[16], and it echoes how their ancestors in Egypt had smeared lamb’s blood on their door posts and lintels (Exodus 12:7) to identify themselves to God when he slew the Egyptians’ firstborn.

All this evidence for pre-Greek knowledge of the golden ratio may be circumstantial, but it is cumulative and makes it appear much more likely than not that Pythagoras picked up the doctrine of the pentagram in Phoenicia or Egypt.

 

 

Star. (seba). Appearance: The Egyptians had extended knowledge of the ... The stars were called the "Followers of Osiris and represented the souls in the underworld. The five-pointed star within a circle was the Egyptian symbol of the ...
www.egyptianmyths.net/star.htm

Star(seba)

Appearance: The Egyptians had extended knowledge of the night sky and the stars above. The circumpolar stars (the set of stars that seemed to "orbit" the North Star through the course of the night and thus never dipped below the horizon) were called the "Imperishable Ones". Most of the brighter stars were named by the Egyptians and they named thirty-eight constellations. These constellations were used to divide the night sky into "decans" (from the Greek word for "Ten"). The decans were called "the thirty-six gods of heaven and each ruled for ten-days each year.

The Egyptian symbol for the stars was a symbol five-pointed line drawing, resembling the sea stars (aka "starfish") that inhabited the Red Sea. In older examples, the drawing has rounder ends and the center is marked by two concentric rings. Egyptian star charts and decan tables often used dots or circles, as well as the hieroglyph.

Meaning: The infinite and unchanging nature of the stars overhead influenced the development of the Egyptian calendar and their beliefs regarding the life after death. Every Egyptian temple was a complex model of the cosmos and thus many images of the stars, constellations and stellar deities grace temple ceilings. In instances where the night sky was charted on the ceiling, brighter stars were sometimes designated by circles - like the sun disks. In decorative uses, the sky hieroglyph and the body of the sky-goddess Nut was decorated with five-pointed stars.

It was believed that the stars did not just inhabit this world, but in the Duat (land of the afterlife) as well. The Egyptians believed that the ba might ascend to the sky to live as a star in heaven. Many tombs also featured deep blue ceilings dotted with bright yellow stars in the exact image of the hieroglyph in hopes to make the ba feel at home in its new dwelling place. The stars were called the "Followers of Osiris and represented the souls in the underworld. The five-pointed star within a circle was the Egyptian symbol of the Duat.

 

 

"His watchmen are all blind: they are ignorant…" (v 10). This verse begins a new section of five verses continuing until chapter 57 v 2 (notwithstanding the ... www.azamra.org/Bible/Isaiah

Avraham Ben Yaakov

 

ISAIAH CHAPTER 55

"Ho all who are thirsty, come to water…" (v 1). "After the war of Gog and Magog the nations will recognize that God rules over all and that there is none beside Him, and then they will come to Jerusalem to learn God's laws and teachings… Water is a metaphor for Torah and wisdom – for just as the world cannot survive without water, so the world cannot survive without wisdom, and just as a thirsty person craves for water, so the wise soul craves for Torah and wisdom… The Torah is also compared to wine and milk. Just as wine makes the heart rejoice, so do words of Torah. And just as milk keeps a baby alive and makes it grow, so words of Torah keep the soul alive and make it grow" (RaDaK ad loc.).

"Why do you spend money for that which is not bread?" (v 2) – "Why should you pay your enemies money without receiving bread?" (Rashi ad loc.) "Why do you pay a high price to study alien systems of wisdom and philosophy that have no benefit?" (Metzudas David ad loc.)

"Hear and your soul shall live" (v 3) – "Listen to Me and you will merit to stand in the resurrection in the days of Mashiach" (Metzudas David ad loc.). "And I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure loving promises of David" (v 3) – "This is Mashiach, for he will be called by the name of David… He will be the teacher of the nations 'and he will judge between the nations and rebuke many peoples' (Is. 2:4)" (RaDaK ad loc.).

"Seek HaShem while He may be found…" (v 6). Isaiah now addresses the people in exile, calling on them to repent. They should seek God "while He may be found" – i.e. "BEFORE the decree is finalized, while He is still telling you to seek Him out" (Rashi). "…while He is NEAR" – "seek Him in such a way that He will be near, i.e. when you seek Him WITH ALL YOUR HEART" (RaDaK). "Seek out the fear of HaShem while you are still alive" (Targum).

"For My thoughts are not as Your thoughts…" (v 8) "My laws are not like the laws of flesh and blood. In your world, if a man admits to a crime he is judged guilty, but by My law, 'Whoever confesses and forsakes [his sins] shall be shown mercy' (Proverbs 28:13)" (Rashi on v 8). "If a man commits an offense against his fellow, he takes vengeance on him and will not forgive him, and even if he forgives him on the surface he nurses a grudge in his heart… But I am full of forgiveness. And when I forgive, I do so in truth, and no trace of the sin remains" (RaDaK on v 8).

"For as the rain comes down… and does not return there but waters the earth…" (v 9) – "The rain and the snow do not return to the skies through evaporation without first watering the earth… Sometimes a person sends someone to do something but the agent comes back without accomplishing his mission. But 'My word… shall not return to Me empty'" (Metzudas David ad loc.).

"For you shall go out with joy…" (v 12). The redemption will bring great joy. Moreover, joy – SIMCHAH – itself is the avenue that leads to redemption. "It is a great mitzvah to be joyful always" (Rabbi Nachman of Breslov).

"Instead of the thorn, the cypress shall arise…" (v 13) – "In place of the wicked, the righteous will rise up" (Rashi ad loc.). The "thorn" and the "nettle" refer to Haman and Vashti, while the "cypress" and the "myrtle refer to Mordechai and Esther (Megillah 10b).

CHAPTER 56

"Guard justice and practice charity, for My salvation is near to come…" (v 1). "Great is charity for it brings the redemption closer" (Bava Kama 10a). "Great is Teshuvah for it brings the redemption closer. Great is charity for it brings salvation closer" (Yoma 87a).

"Happy is the man that does this… that keeps the Sabbath…" (v 2). "The Sabbath is mentioned specifically at this juncture because the prophet is addressing the people in exile, urging them to improve their ways in order to leave their exile, and the best of all pathways is the observance of the Sabbath, while the exile from the land came about because of the transgression of the Sabbath" (RaDaK on v 2). "Whoever observes the Sabbath according to its laws, even if he worshiped idols as in the days of Enosh, he will be forgiven… If Israel kept two Sabbaths according to the law, they would be redeemed immediately" (Shabbos 118b).

"Let not the son of the stranger who has joined himself to HaShem say, HaShem will surely separate me from His people, nor let the eunuch say, Behold I am a dry tree" (v 3). The "son of the stranger" is a convert who does not have children after his conversion; he is similar to a "eunuch" who has no children… Such a convert may think that he will not be considered a member of HaShem's people either in this world or in the world to come, and likewise the childless may think that if he leaves no son after him it is as if he never came into the world and God takes no favor in him, since God created the world for the sake of procreation…" (RaDaK on v 3).

But quite the contrary, God promises that those childless "that will observe My Sabbaths" (=the weekly Sabbaths and the Sabbatical years, RaDaK) will receive "in My House and within My walls (=the Temple in Jerusalem ) a place and a name (YAD VASHEM) better than sons and daughters" (v 5). [The name YAD VASHEM has been given to Israel 's Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem .] Likewise God promises the "children of the stranger" that "I shall bring them to My holy mountain and make them joyful in My House of Prayer…" (v 7). "Just as a person brings a guest into his home and receives him gladly, so God says, I shall command the priests to accept them gladly when they come to convert, and they will rejoice when they see themselves in the Temple courtyard year by year with the people of Israel" (RaDaK).

"For My house shall be called the House of Prayer for all the nations (v 7) – "Not only for Israel alone but also for those of the nations who convert" (see Rashi and Metzudas David ad loc.).

"HaShem God who gathers the outcasts of Israel says, Yet will I gather others to him, besides those of him that are already gathered" (v 8): "I shall gather in more converts to be added to all the ingathered people of Israel " (Metzudas David).

"All you beasts of the field: come into the forest to devour all the beasts thereof" (v 9). "The beasts of the field do not have as much strength as the beasts of the forest. The 'beasts of the field' refers to the gentiles who will not harden their hearts but will convert. They shall 'devour' (win over?) those who harden their hearts and continue their rebellion" (Metzudas David ad loc.).

"His watchmen are all blind: they are ignorant…" (v 10). This verse begins a new section of five verses continuing until chapter 57 v 2 (notwithstanding the conventional chapter break in printed Bibles, which violates the continuity of the Hebrew text).

"After completing the previous prophecy of consolation, the prophet returns to rebuking the wicked people of his generation" (RaDaK on v 10).

"The prophet began by saying, 'Seek out HaShem' (Is. 55:6) but the people do not listen. He therefore now says: See how the prophets are crying to them to repent for their own wellbeing, but their leaders are all like blind men who do not see what is developing. They are like a watcher appointed to see if the sword is approaching in order to warn the people, but he is blind and fails to see the sword coming, dumb and unable to warn the people – like a dog appointed to guard the house but he is dumb and does not bark. Likewise the leaders of Israel fail to warn the people to repent… Just as dogs never know satisfaction, these 'shepherds' do not know or understand what will happen at the end of days… 'Every one is out for his own gain': They rob the rest of the people over whom they are appointed" (Rashi on vv 10-11).

Let us be the ones who hear the call of HaShem in order that our souls shall live!

 

 

THE VOYAGE OF THE DAWNTREADER
 
C. S. Lewis 1952
 
Page 155
 
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
 
THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF THE WORLD

Page 155

Then something seemed to be flying at them out of the very centre of the rising sun: but of course one couldn't look steadily in that direction to make sure.But presently the air became full of voices - voices which took up the same song that the Lady and her Father were singing, but in far wilder tones and in a language which no one knew. And soon after that the owners of these voices could be seen. They were birds, large and white, and they came by hundreds and thousands and alighted on everything; on the grass, and the pavement, on the table, on your shoulders, your hands, and your head, till it looked as if heavy snow had fallen. For, like snow, they not only made / Page 157 / everything white but blurred and blunted all shapes. But Lucy, looking out from between the wings of the birds that covered her, saw one bird fly to the Old Man with something in its beak that looked like a little fruit, unless it was a little live coal, which it might have been, for it was too bright to look at. And the bird laid it in the Old Man's mouth.

 

 

THE HOLY BIBLE

Scofield References

Isaiah Chapter 6

Page 718

3

"And one cried unto another, and said, Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts: the whole earth is full of his glory."

6

Then flew one of the seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar:

7

And he laid it upon my mouth, and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged.

8

Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send, and who will go for us? Then said I, Here am I; send me.

 

THE VOYAGE OF THE DAWNTREADER
 
C. S. Lewis 1952
 
Page 155
 
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
 
THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF THE WORLD

Page 155

Then something seemed to be flying at them out of the very centre of the rising sun: but of course one couldn't look steadily in that direction to make sure.But presently the air became full of voices - voices which took up the same song that the Lady and her Father were singing, but in far wilder tones and in a language which no one knew. And soon after that the owners of these voices could be seen. They were birds, large and white, and they came by hundreds and thousands and alighted on everything; on the grass, and the pavement, on the table, on your shoulders, your hands, and your head, till it looked as if heavy snow had fallen. For, like snow, they not only made / Page 157 / everything white but blurred and blunted all shapes. But Lucy, looking out from between the wings of the birds that covered her, saw one bird fly to the Old Man with something in its beak that looked like a little fruit, unless it was a little live coal, which it might have been, for it was too bright to look at. And the bird laid it in the Old Man's mouth.
Then the birds stopped their singing and appeared to be very busy about the table. When they rose from it again everything on the table that could be eaten or drunk had disappeared. These birds rose from their meal in their thousands and hundreds and carried away all the things that could not be eaten or drunk, such as bones, rinds, and shells, and took their flight back to the rising sun. But now, because they were not singing, the whir of their wings seemed to set the whole air a-tremble. And there was the table pecked clean and empty, and the three old Lords of Narnia still fast asleep.
Now at last the Old Man turned to the travellers and bade them welcome.
"Sir," said Caspian, "will you tell us how to undo the enchantment which holds these three Narnian Lords asleep. "
"I will gladly tell you that, my son," said the Old Man. "To break this enchantment you must sail to the World's End, or as near as you can come to it, and you must come back having left at least one of your company behind."
"And what must happen to that one?" asked Reepicheep. "He must go on into the utter east and never return into the world." "That is my heart's desire," said Reepicheep.
"And are we near the World's End now, Sir?" asked Caspian. "Have you any knowledge of the seas and lands further east than this?" / Page 158 / "I saw them long ago," said the Old Man, "but it was from a great height. I cannot tell you such things as sailors need to know. "
"Do you mean you were flying in the air?" Eustace blurted out.
"I was a long way above the air, my son," replied the Old Man. "I am Ramandu. But I see that you stare at one another and have not heard this name. And no wonder, for the days when I was a star had ceased long before any of you knew this world, and all the constellations have changed. "
"Golly," said Edmund under his breath. "He's a retired star. " .
"Aren't you a star any longer?" asked Lucy.
"I am a star at rest, my daughter," answered Ramandu.
 
Page 159
 
"When I set for the last time, decrepit and old beyond all that you can reckon, I was carried to this island. I am not so old now as I was then. Every morning a bird brings me a fire-berry from the valleys in the Sun, and each fire-berry takes away a little of my age. And when 1 have become as young as the child that was born yesterday, then I shall take my rising again (for we are at earth's eastern rim) and once more tread the great dance."
"In our world," said Eustace, "a star is a huge ball of flaming gas. "
"Even in your world, my son, that is not what a star is but only what it is made of. And in this world you have already met a star: for I think you have been with Coriakin. "
"Is he a retired star, too?" said Lucy.
"Well, not quite the same," said Ramandu. "It was not quite as a rest that he was set to govern the Duffers. You might call it a punishment. He might have shone for thousands of years more in the southern winter sky if all had gone well. "
"What did he do, Sir?" asked Caspian.
"My son," said Ramandu, "it is not for you, a son of Adam, to know what faults a star can commit. But come, we waste time in such talk. Are you yet resolved? Will you sail further east and come again, leaving one to return no more, and so break the enchantment? Or will you sail westward?"
"Surely, Sire," said Reepicheep, "there is no question about that? It is very plainly part of our quest to rescue these three lords from enchantment"
"I think the same, Reepicheep," replied Caspian. "And even if it were not so, it would break my heart not to go as near the World's End as the Dawn Treader will take us. But I am thinking of the crew. They signed on to seek the / Page 160 / seven lords, not to reach the rim of the Earth. If we sail east from here we sail to find the edge, the utter east. And no one knows how far it is. They're brave fellows, but I see signs that some of them are weary of the voyage and long to have our prow pointing to Narnia again. I don't think I should take them further without their knowledge and consent. And then there's the poor Lord Rhoop. He's a broken man. "
"My son," said the star, "it would be no use, even though you wished it, to sail for the World's End with men unwilling or men deceived. That is not how great unenchantments are achieved. They must know where they go and why. But who is this broken man you speak of?"
Caspian told Ramandu the story of Rhoop.
"I can give him what he needs most," said Ramandu. "In this island there is sleep without stint or measure, and sleep in which no faintest footfall of a dream was ever heard. Let him sit beside these other three and drink oblivion till your return."
"Oh, do let's do that, Caspian," said Lucy. "I'm sure it's just what he would love."
At that moment they were interrupted by the sound of many feet and voices: Drinian and the rest of the ship's company were approaching. They halted in surprise when they saw Ramandu and his daughter; and then, because these were obviously great people, every man uncovered his head. Some sailors eyed the empty dishes and flagons on the table with regret.
"My lord," said the King to Drinian, "pray send two men back to the Dawn Treader with a message to the Lord Rhoop. Tell him that the last of his old shipmates are here asleep - a sleep without dreams - and that he can share it."
 

When this had been done, Caspian told the rest to sit down and laid the whole situation before them. When he / Page 161 / had finished there was a long silence and some whispering until presently the Master Bowman got to his feet, and said:
"What some of us have been wanting to ask for a long time, your Majesty, is how we're ever to get home when we do turn, whether we turn here or somewhere else. It's been west and north-west winds all the way, barring an occa­sional calm. And if that doesn't change, I'd like to know what hopes we have of seeing Narnia again. There's not much chance of supplies lasting while we row all that way."
"That's landsman's talk," said Drinian. "There's always a prevailing west wind in these seas all through the late summer, and it always changes after the New Year. We'll have plenty of wind for sailing westward; more than we shall like from all accounts."
"That's true, Master," said an old sailor who was a Galmian by birth. "You get some ugly weather rolling up from the east in January and February. And by your leave, Sire, if I was in command of this ship I'd say to winter here and begin the voyage home in March. "
"What'd you eat while you were wintering here?" asked Eustace.
"This table," said Ramandu, "will be filled with a king's feast every day at sunset."
"Now you're talking!" said several sailors.
"Your Majesties and gentlemen and ladies all," said Rynelf, "there's just one thing I want to say. There's not one of us chaps as was pressed on this journey. We're volunteers. And there's some here that are looking very hard at that table and thnking about king's feasts who were talking very loud about adventures on the day we sailed from Cair Paravel, and swearing they wouldn't come home till we'd found the end of the world."

 

 
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